In our examination of flow experience, comparisons of the three configurations allowed us to assess the potential value of the mobile learning experiences available in this experimental context. The evaluation of learning performance suggested that a nonsophisticated technology (i.e., paperbased) could also be useful to such educational activities, which implies no significant benefits from mobile learning technologies. However, the evaluation of flow experience explicitly confirmed the significant advantages of the mobile learning and game-based learning systems over the traditional pedagogy. Neither of these twofold possibilities had been demonstrated empirically before. Fig. 6 illustrates our findings that the benefits of mobile learning should be perceived as the intersection of both learning performance and experience in these experimental contexts.