Thirdly, we hypothesized that in cases where land-use change
effects on soil biochemical characteristics are statistically not detectable,
the proportions of the overall variance of soil biochemical characteristics
will be highest between landscapes, followed by among replicate
plots within landscapes and least by among subplots within replicate
plots. In this study, we provide much-needed background information
on soil nutrient contents down to 2 m depth in the dwindling Indonesian
lowland forests, and how they are influenced by land-use conversion
as well as spatial variations of soil biochemical characteristics in
commonly converted lowland landscapes