The program increased average schooling through increasing primary schooling essentially. This provides additional evidence that the assumption underlying the identification strategy is reasonable as the estimated effect of the program for the level of education that it did not target is small or nonexistent. The negative difference in differences at the senior high school level may indicate that some variable predicting the probability of attending senior high school is omitted from this regression(and changed in low program regions more than in high program regions). The program could also have induced more marginal people to complete primary school and move on to junior high school were much higher than the costs of primary education and were not equalized across regions at the time. This may explain why we do not observe large spillovers.