In addition, the direct and positive relationships between both types
of subordinates’ OCBs and managerial trustworthy behaviors remained
significant irrespective of the level of collectivism. First, it appears that
the affective trust-based mediation of managers’ indirect reciprocation of
subordinates’ OCBs is more culturally specific than manager’s indirect
reciprocation of subordinates’ OCBs per se. Second, our results also suggest
that affective trust in subordinates is not a necessary condition for
managers to behave trustworthily as a response to subordinates’ OCBs. It
is hence possible that other mechanismsmediate the indirect reciprocation
of subordinate behaviors. For example, scholars have highlighted the role
of impersonal, generalized trust embedded within the organizational culture
that may encourage benevolent behaviors irrespective of whether
B. SEBASTIAN REICHE ET AL. 27
organizational members maintain personal trust with each other and that
may vary across different organizations (Leana & Van Buren, 1999).