The crystal structure and morphology studies of the resulting Mn3O4 nanoparticles
were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),
Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2
adsorption and desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).