First, I assume there is a limit L as sin x goes to infinity. The definition must hold for all e, so I choose e = 0.1. Since sin x fluctuates between 1 and -1, I know that for any d, I can choose an x' > d such that sin x = 1, or x'' > d such that sin x = -1. x' = {2 pi n' + pi/2}, x'' = {2 pi n'' - pi/2} -- for sufficiently large n' and n''. (I can also find x'''>d for any number in between, but this is not important.)
For this limit to exist, there must exist an L such that |f(x')-L| < 0.1 and |f(x'')-L| < 0.1.
You can substitute and try to solve these equations:
|1-L| < 0.1 and |-1-L| < 0.1
-0.1 < 1-L < 0.1 and -0.1 < -1-L < 0.1
0.9 < L < 1.1 and -1.1 < L < -0.9
These two equations cannot be simultaneously solved for L. Thus by contradiction, there is no limit of sin x as x tends towards infinity.