Triangulating Correct Position Three Dimensional (3D) Positioning
GPS’s Error
Sources of GPS Error
Standard Positioning Service (SPS ): Civilian Users
Source Amount of Error
Satellite clocks 1.5 to 3.6 meters
Orbital errors < 1 meter
Ionosphere 5.0 to 7.0 meters
Troposphere 0.5 to 0.7 meters
GPS’s Error
Sources of GPS Error (con’t)
Source Amount of Error
Receiver noise 0.3 to 1.5 meters
Multipath 0.6 to 1.2 meters
User error Up to a kilometer or more
Errors are cumulative and increased by PDOP.