ABSTRACT Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are readily
oxidized in the liver. Animal and human studies have shown
that the fast rate of oxidation of MCFA leads to greater
energy expenditure (EE). Most animal studies have also
demonstrated that the greater EE with MCFA relative to
long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) results in less body weight
gain and decreased size of fat depots after several months
of consumption. Furthermore, both animal and human trials
suggest a greater satiating effect of medium-chain triglycerides
(MCT) compared with long-chain triglycerides (LCT).
The aim of this review is to evaluate existing data describing
the effects of MCT on EE and satiety and determine
their potential efficacy as agents in the treatment of human
obesity. Animal studies are summarized and human trials
more systematically evaluated because the primary focus
of this article is to examine the effects of MCT on human
energy metabolism and satiety. Hormones including
cholescytokinin, peptide YY, gastric inhibitory peptide,
neurotensin and pancreatic polypeptide have been proposed
to be involved in the mechanism by which MCT may
induce satiety; however, the exact mechanisms have not
been established. From the literature reviewed, we conclude
that MCT increase energy expenditure, may result in
faster satiety and facilitate weight control when included in
the diet as a replacement for fats containing LCT.