In broader terms, this research demonstrates a significant role for bacteria in lower-termite wood-digestion. Lignocellulytic activity in the termite holobiont is a collaborative effort with all members (termite-host, protists, and prokaryotes) contributing factors which maintain bioreactor efficiency. The host and protists both produce highly active digestive and accessory enzymes that collaborate in lignocellulose saccharification (Scharf et al., 2011; Sethi et al., 2013a, 2013b