Meanwhile,
phosphate buffer acts as a buffering medium to help regulate catalytic
activity of enzymes (Good et al., 1966; Kuntz & Kauzmann, 1974). The
added phosphate buffer was then further used immediately as the extraction
buffer (refer Section 2.4) to extract enzymes from the carrot
mash or piece and to recuperate the endogenous enzymes being
released to the buffer during PEF processing. The weight of both carrots
(mash or piece) and phosphate buffer was recorded; with overall total
weight averaged between 320 to 350 g added for each PEF treatment
condition.