Materials and Methods
DNA extraction Whole blood DNA was obtained from
deer, cattle, goat, horse, donkey, pig, and chicken. Heavily
processed commercial products using heat-treatment or
drying were purchased from different areas of China on ecommerce
websites or retail supermarkets in Shanghai,
China in November 2012. High quality DNA was
extracted using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen,
Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. The concentration of DNA was estimated
using a Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington
DE, USA). DNA samples were adjusted to 0.5 ng/μL for
use in real-time PCR. Serial dilutions of DNA from 0.5 ng/
μL to 0.001 ng/μL were prepared and tested with each
primer set to calculate the PCR sensitivity.