4. List and discuss the five transaction properties.
The five transaction properties are:
Atomicity requires that all parts of a transaction must be completed or the transaction is aborted. This property ensures that the database will remain in a consistent state.
Consistency Indicates the permanence of the database consistent state.
Isolation means that the data required by an executing transaction cannot be accessed by any other transaction until the first transaction finishes. This property ensures data consistency for concurrently executing transactions.
Durability indicates that the database will be in a permanent consistent state after the execution of a transaction. In other words, once a consistent state is reached, it cannot be lost.
Serializability means that a series of concurrent transactions will yield the same result as if they were executed one after another.
All five transaction properties work together to make sure that a database maintains data integrity and consistency for either a single-user or a multi-user DBMS.