The regression results were adjusted for demographic characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, education, income level, marital status, and health insurance status as well as lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, and physical activity. Ethnicity was self-reported and included four categories: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other racial groups (which included Asian and multiracial). Marital status was dichotomized into 0 for not married and 1 for married. The health insurance variable was dichotomized into 0 for having no health insurance or other plan such as Medicare or Medicaid and 1 for having any type of healthcare plan. Self-reported medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke) were also considered dichotomous variables in the study. Self-rated health was categorized into three categories: excellent, very good/good/fair, and poor. Physical activity was dichotomized into 1 for engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity for at least 150 min per week and 0 for any amount of activity less than that.