Fourteen moderately trained male swimmers were recruited to take part in this investigation. The
level of fitness was judged moderate on the basis of their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) evaluated
by means of a standard incremental exercise test on a cycle-ergometer. Their mean ± standard
deviation (SD) of age, mass, and height were 34.7 ± 7.5 years, 69.4 ± 6.1 kg, and 173.6 ± 4.3 cm
respectively, while VO2max was 42.7 ± 2.6 mL·kg·min−1. All subjects were master athletes who were
regularly involved in regional and national competitions and who trained an average of 6.5 ± 0.8 h per
week. The training frequency ranged from 3 to 4 times/week, with 3.000–5.000 m distance covered
each time. All were in the middle phase of the training season. None had any history of cardiac or
respiratory disease or was taking any medication at the time of the study and none showed any
abnormalities on physical examination or on resting electrocardiogram. Written informed consent was
obtained from all of the participants after they were informed about the methods and aims of the study.
The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Cagliari and carried out
according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
สิบสี่ผ่านการฝึกอบรมในระดับปานกลางนักว่ายน้ำชายได้รับคัดเลือกให้เข้าร่วมในการสืบสวนคดีนี้ Fourteen moderately trained male swimmers were recruited to take part in this investigation. The
ระดับของการออกกำลังกายในระดับปานกลางถูกตัดสินบนพื้นฐานของการดูดซึมออกซิเจนสูงสุดของพวกเขา level of fitness was judged moderate on the basis of their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) evaluated
การประเมินโดยวิธีการของการทดสอบการออกกำลังกายเพิ่มขึ้นมาตรฐานในวงจรby means of a standard incremental exercise test on a cycle- -ergometer ของพวกเขาหมายถึง( ± 7.5 ± 6.1 ± 4.3 ตามลำดับในขณะ ± 2.6 - 1 ergometer. Their mean ± standard
deviation (SD) of age, mass, and height were 34.7 ± 7.5 years, 69.4 ± 6.1 kg, and 173.6 ± 4.3 cm
respectively, while VO2max was 42.7 ± 2.6 mL·kg·min−1. All subjects were master athletes who were
regularly involved in regional and national competitions and who trained an average of 6.5 ± 0.8 h per
week. The training frequency ranged from 3 to 4 times/week, with 3.000–5.000 m distance covered
each time. All were in the middle phase of the training season. None had any history of cardiac or
respiratory disease or was taking any medication at the time of the study and none showed any
abnormalities on physical examination or on resting electrocardiogram. Written informed consent was
obtained from all of the participants after they were informed about the methods and aims of the study.
The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Cagliari and carried out
according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
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