The kimchi fermentation process undergoes several distinct phases based on the changes in pH and acidity, Co2 levels, and sugar content, all of which are temperature dependent. The first stage has a rapid decrease of pH increase of acidity and Co2 levels. These changes are accompanied by a decrease of reducing sugars after the initial lag phase. The next stage shows a gradual drop in pH, a further increase in acidity and CO2 levels, and a rapid disappearance of reducing sugars. The final stage of fermentation proceeds with no or only slight changes in pH to 4.5 and 0.4 CO2, and reducing sugars The pH is 4.2- 4.5 and acidity of optimally is 0.4 to 0.8% as lactic acid, respectively.