It is a well-known fact that in SmF, agitation is used to achieve uniform gas dispersion,
homogenization, and interphase mass and heat transfer. The hydrodynamic force generated at
various rpm speed can have a direct impact on the overall morphology of R. oryzae. Strong
agitation can lead to fungal deactivation due to the shaving off of hyphae, while lower speed
can disturb the oxygen, heat, and mass transfer [22]. Teng et al. also mentioned about the
formation of distinctive morphologies as a response of shear forces