Mangosteen Value Chain
Mapping on the mangosteen value chain (Figure 1)
resulted in the identification of the following actors.
1. Farmers. Farmers commonly sold the fruits in bulk
to collecting traders. The price ranged from Rp
9.000/kg for super and Rp 4.000 for low grade,
averaging at Rp 6.000/kg.
2. Collecting traders. Collecting traders were also
members of the farmer group. They did pre-sortation
based on the present of defects on the surfaces, and
sent the fruits without defects (70%) to the exporter
suppliers, and the fruits with defects (30%) to the
local retailers. The profit of the collecting traders
varied from Rp 500 – 2.000/kg with an average of
Rp 1.000/kg.
3. Exporter Suppliers. Exporter suppliers usually were
hired by the exporters to collect mangosteen fruits
from the farm. Initial grading was carried out based
on the export grades, and the price and balance
of world market demand compared to internal
supermarket demand. The results of sortation were
i) 56% fruits suitable for export, ii) 10% fruits to
supply internal supermarkets with qualities similar
for export, and iii) 4% reject fruit grade for local
retailers.
4. Exporter suppliers took about Rp 5.000 margin/kg
from the exporters, and supermarkets, and Rp 2.000/
kg margin from the local retailers to gain profit, and
cover the sortation and transportation cost. Exporter
suppliers might advance down payment to the
farmers through the collecting traders in effort to
guarantee the fruit supply.
5. Exporters. Several exporters were competing to
purchase the fruits through their exporter suppliers.
Some did re-grading and re-packaging to ensure the
prime export quality in their packaging house, some
sent their officers to the farmer groups, or collecting
traders to do sortation at on-farm packing room to
cut the cost and the delay time for mangosteen fruits
to reach market destination from the farm. Exporters
were estimated to pocket around Rp 14.000 profit/
kg fluctuating based on the world market price.
6. Export grades consist of three classifications :
AAA with 6-8 fruits/kg, AA with 9-10 fruits/kg,
and A with 11-12 fruits/kg. There was also another
classification specifically for export to the Middle
East called Super Falcon with 15-16 fruits/kg. All
fruits had to have smooth surfaces and maturity
index 2- 4.
7. Local Retailers. Local retailers were the actors who
sold reject fruit grades in the traditional market or
on the street shops. The margin gained by local
retailers was around Rp 3.000/kg, however it had
not yet taken the considerations of losses during the
fruit shelf life prior to bought by the consumers.
8. Local Supermarkets. Local supermarkets sold
higher quality than local retailers, sometimes, export
quality. The estimated margin was high about Rp
14.000/kg, however the cost of maintaining cold
and convenient atmosphere, and the risk of losses
were also high.
9. Overseas Retailers. Overseas retailers spread over
a wide range of actors such as food and fruit shops,
supermarkets, and airport stores. Estimation of
margin was difficult since the price was fluctuated
and decreasing along