The Instructional Procedure of PBL
PBL instruction is constructed on the ill structured problems. These problems must allow for free inquiry (Savery, 2006). From this point, PBL seems to be started as IBL but not continue and finished as it. PBL process mainly grounded on problem solving. This process is more than raising question, it also includes transferring of knowledge and process of producing a tangible solutions. One important point in PBL is that driving questions and explanations are composed by students to test their hypothesis about problems, not by teacher to control the process and explanation the concepts. Therefore, students need prerequisite skills and knowledge in PBL. Especially, in the initial stages, ability to the identification of the problems and observational skills are identified as having a high priority (Mills and Treagust, 2003). The development problem solving skills also includes the ability to appropriate metacognitive and reasoning strategies (Hmelo-Silver, 2004). Therefore, to cope with PBL tasks demand high level of knowledge and skills. Moreover, the skills of scientific literacy, exploration in greater depth, testing ideas and scientific process draw on skills, group working and knowledge from variables are also important to solve problems. From this point of perspective, PBL broadens the teacher a facilitator or a coach roles rather than leader. Most of the tasks carry out by the students. The tasks are determining whether a problem exists, creating an exact statement of the problem and a working plan, identifying information, data, and learning goals, and finally produces a tangible solution. Upon taking account these; PBL seems quite conventional for medical, law and many other fields fed from different cases and subjects, and high-degree classes because of being the first application areas and depending on students’ prior knowledge and skills.