We have also explored the extent to which the BSFT model can be used with African American as well as Hispanic adolescents with behavior problems. In an uncontrolled study examining the suitability of the BSFT approach for adolescents from both ethnic groups, Santisteban and colleagues (1997) assessed conduct problems, delinquency in the company of peers, and observer-rated family functioning before and after BSFT treatment. Although BSFT significantly reduced association with antisocial peers and improved family functioning for both Hispanics and African Americans, BSFT treatment was significantly more efficacious in reducing association with antisocial peers among African Americans than among Hispanics. Conversely, the BSFT treatment was significantly more efficacious in improving family functioning among Hispanics than among African Americans. These early findings suggest that BSFT may benefit ethnic groups through different mediational pathways.