1) Formal governancemechanisms are less effective than relational ones for knowledge governance practices in 2) Knowledge governance mechanisms used in PBOs reflect executives' knowledge of antecedents for knowledge creation processes. 3) For PBOs to be efficient in knowledge governance, their knowledge governance mechanisms need to be adjusted to appropriate their learning landscapes. 4) Knowledge brokering activities are suitable knowledge governance mechanisms for managing knowledge differentiation and conflict of interests in PBOs. 5) Executives' relational governance impacts knowledge exploitation in PBOs.