At each of 51 study sites we positioned and surveyed ten transects arranged in a ‘‘bow tie’’ configuration established within a 155 m radius of the site center (7.5 ha,Fig. 2).
The mean of pelletgroup counts for all ten transects was used to calculate deer density (deer/km2) at each site.
Study plots were centered in northern hardwood stands.
Locations of study sites were selected using three different criteria based on time since harvest and locations of previous data collection: 16 sites were northern
hardwood stands that underwent selection harvest during 2005–2007; 13 sites were stands that underwent selection harvest during 1994–2003; and 22 sites were used previously by Laurent et al. (2005, description of location selection described therein).
Each of the ten transects in the plots had dimensions of 50 m4m
(0.02 ha).
Pellets within transect areas were counted independently by each of two field crew members walking in opposite
directions along transects