Planning Theory
Planning theory has gained increased attention during the last 20 years. It is fundamental to the planning profession (Friedmann, 2003; Michael, 2009) because it can be used as a tool to mediate knowledge and action (Friedmann, 1987). Planning theory is a theoretical framework based on concept about why and what we do to the best performance in the future. The practice of scenario planning sets firm in place and continuing to develop rapidly (Ringland, 1998). Planning theory, which itself is a synthesis of concepts from multiple fields, it is rooted in an applied disciplines for a way of classification planning as a professional activity under condition in response to continually changing societal needs. In other words, to some it means socialism. For example, in financial planning theory, it gains a lot of advantages for financial investor that they can implement in practice with the right financial planning as to identify investment plans, create a few cash reserves as well as other assets so that they can be used for the future. Also, business planning theory contributes to combine the basic structure and supporting business, having a marketing plan, an operational plan,creating a financial plan, and specification an objective risk analysis. Therefore, the theory not only concerns changes too rapidly for prediction to be accurate but also gains creditability as effective tools to prepare for an uncertainty future and improve performance in a dynamic environment (Chermack et al., 2001).