The scientists were interested in anthocyanins, bioactive chemicals that are found in high concentrations in blackberries and blueberries. Many research groups have determined that these chemicals have high antioxidant activities and modulate cellular signaling pathways in ways that promote health. The researchers chose to enhance tomatoes, as they are a popular food crop and can be easily incorporated into a variety of meals. Tomatoes already contain very small amounts of flavonoids like anthocyanins, so it should be straightforward to give them a boost.