Section 1-1 The Experimental Basis of Relativity
1-1. In episode 5 of Star Wars, the Empire’s spaceships launch probe droids throughout the
galaxy to seek the base of the Rebel Alliance. Suppose a spaceship moving at 2.3 _ 108 m s
toward Hoth (site of the rebel base) launches a probe droid toward Hoth at 2.1 _ 108 m s relative
to the spaceship. According to Galilean relativity, (a) What is the speed of the droid relative to
Hoth? (b) If rebel astronomers are watching the approaching spaceship through a telescope, will
they see the probe before it lands on Hoth?
1-2. In one series of measurements of the speed of light, Michelson used a path length L of
27.4 km (17 mi). (a) What is the time needed for light to make the round trip of distance 2L?
(b) What is the classical correction term in seconds in Equation 1-5, assuming Earth’s speed is
v _ 10_4c? (c) From about 1600 measurements, Michelson arrived at a result for the speed of
light of 299,796 _ 4 km s. Is this experimental value accurate enough to be sensitive to the correction
term in Equation 1-5?
1-3. A shift of one fringe in the Michelson-Morley experiment would result from a difference
of one wavelength or a change of one period of vibration in the round-trip travel of the light
when the interferometer is rotated by 90°. What speed would Michelson have computed for
Earth’s motion through the ether had the experiment seen a shift of one fringe?
Section 1-1 The Experimental Basis of Relativity1-1. In episode 5 of Star Wars, the Empire’s spaceships launch probe droids throughout thegalaxy to seek the base of the Rebel Alliance. Suppose a spaceship moving at 2.3 _ 108 m stoward Hoth (site of the rebel base) launches a probe droid toward Hoth at 2.1 _ 108 m s relativeto the spaceship. According to Galilean relativity, (a) What is the speed of the droid relative toHoth? (b) If rebel astronomers are watching the approaching spaceship through a telescope, willthey see the probe before it lands on Hoth?1-2. In one series of measurements of the speed of light, Michelson used a path length L of27.4 km (17 mi). (a) What is the time needed for light to make the round trip of distance 2L?(b) What is the classical correction term in seconds in Equation 1-5, assuming Earth’s speed isv _ 10_4c? (c) From about 1600 measurements, Michelson arrived at a result for the speed oflight of 299,796 _ 4 km s. Is this experimental value accurate enough to be sensitive to the correctionterm in Equation 1-5?1-3. A shift of one fringe in the Michelson-Morley experiment would result from a differenceof one wavelength or a change of one period of vibration in the round-trip travel of the lightwhen the interferometer is rotated by 90°. What speed would Michelson have computed forEarth’s motion through the ether had the experiment seen a shift of one fringe?
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