194 Surfaces
6.2.2 Density surfaces within cities
Although the form of density gradients around cities has been a subject of interest since von Thfinen's statement in the early nineteenth century, attention has been largely refocussed on the within-city scale only over the last docade or so. The controversial paper published by Clark (1951), postulating a negative exponential decline in population density with increasing distance from a city centre, was essentially a rediscovery of the same regularity noted by Bleicha (1892). Clark's paper stimulated a search for density models that accurately describe the declining rate of concentration of some aspect of population (e.g, density of residences, employment, commuting, or house•plot size) with distance from city centre. Clark studied the residential population density gradients around a group of 36 cities ranging in time from 1801 to 1950 and in space from Los Angeles to Budapest As noted above, he argued that, within cities, urban population densities decline exponentially with distance away from the city centre, i.e. at a decreasing absolute rate, but a constant . proportional rate. We can express Clark's generalization by the model,
194 Surfaces
6.2.2 Density surfaces within cities
Although the form of density gradients around cities has been a subject of interest since von Thfinen's statement in the early nineteenth century, attention has been largely refocussed on the within-city scale only over the last docade or so. The controversial paper published by Clark (1951), postulating a negative exponential decline in population density with increasing distance from a city centre, was essentially a rediscovery of the same regularity noted by Bleicha (1892). Clark's paper stimulated a search for density models that accurately describe the declining rate of concentration of some aspect of population (e.g, density of residences, employment, commuting, or house•plot size) with distance from city centre. Clark studied the residential population density gradients around a group of 36 cities ranging in time from 1801 to 1950 and in space from Los Angeles to Budapest As noted above, he argued that, within cities, urban population densities decline exponentially with distance away from the city centre, i.e. at a decreasing absolute rate, but a constant . proportional rate. We can express Clark's generalization by the model,
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