The first in-depth look at antimicrobial resistance worldwide has uncovered the extent to which antibiotics are misused, particularly in increasingly prosperous countries, including India, Vietnam and Kenya. The investigators say preventing resistance to existing antibiotics should take priority over developing new drugs, since they will also fail if the causes of resistance are not tackled.
The new analysis includes data on drug resistance in 39 countries, and profiles of antibiotic use in 69 countries, and is the first time such data has been combined. Previous reports have focused only on resistance, and included only data from public sources.
“Much of this data has never seen the light of day before because we dug it out from private clinics in these middle-income countries like India,” says Ramanan Laxminarayan of the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy in New Delhi, India. “It’s the first global snapshot of antibiotic use and resistance.”
The analysis reveals soaring rates of resistance in countries of growing wealth, especially India, where more people are demanding antibiotics for minor infections, and resistance rates among bacteria are soaring. “We’ve seen a huge increase in MRSA in India, from 29 per cent of isolates in 2009 to 47 per cent in 2014,” says Laxminarayan.
Equally alarming, he says, is a surge in Klebsiella pneumoniae, which can cause fatal lung infections. It is resistant to Carbapenems, an antibiotic that is used as a last resort. In 2014 57 per cent of samples tested in India were resistant, compared with virtually none six years ago. “These bugs weren’t a problem at all, but now we stand on the brink of almost losing a whole class of vital antibiotics,” says Laxminarayan.
The first in-depth look at antimicrobial resistance worldwide has uncovered the extent to which antibiotics are misused, particularly in increasingly prosperous countries, including India, Vietnam and Kenya. The investigators say preventing resistance to existing antibiotics should take priority over developing new drugs, since they will also fail if the causes of resistance are not tackled.The new analysis includes data on drug resistance in 39 countries, and profiles of antibiotic use in 69 countries, and is the first time such data has been combined. Previous reports have focused only on resistance, and included only data from public sources.“Much of this data has never seen the light of day before because we dug it out from private clinics in these middle-income countries like India,” says Ramanan Laxminarayan of the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy in New Delhi, India. “It’s the first global snapshot of antibiotic use and resistance.”The analysis reveals soaring rates of resistance in countries of growing wealth, especially India, where more people are demanding antibiotics for minor infections, and resistance rates among bacteria are soaring. “We’ve seen a huge increase in MRSA in India, from 29 per cent of isolates in 2009 to 47 per cent in 2014,” says Laxminarayan.Equally alarming, he says, is a surge in Klebsiella pneumoniae, which can cause fatal lung infections. It is resistant to Carbapenems, an antibiotic that is used as a last resort. In 2014 57 per cent of samples tested in India were resistant, compared with virtually none six years ago. “These bugs weren’t a problem at all, but now we stand on the brink of almost losing a whole class of vital antibiotics,” says Laxminarayan.
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