Philosophy: the foundation of the pyramid is a long-thinking philosophy that concentrates on exceeding
the needs and expectations of the buyers;
Process: based on the fact that Toyota’s investments are directed in research and development sphere, the
company can create more efficient processes;
People and partners: efficiency is made by people who operate the company, where company’s culture
teaches people to work together in a team for common purposes;
Problem-solving: employees always look for ways to solve various problems of the company, which
implies constant self-improvement and learning.
Fig. 6. 4P model of the Toyota Way (Source: Liker 2003, 13).