These upslope shifts are consistent with predictions
of climatic warming. Climate-related environmental change may also contribute to movement of some
hybrid zones [45]. In the southern Appalachian Mountains of the U.S., the upward spread of a hybrid
zone between two terrestrial salamanders (Plethodon teyahalee and P. shermani) is correlated with
increasing air temperatures, but not precipitation, over a 16-year period, suggesting that factors
associated with a changing climate may have influenced this hybrid zone movement [46]. These studies
mostly illustrate responses of herpetofauna to changes in temperature. Drought and flooding (from
catastrophic storms and anthropogenic habitat alteration) likewise impact a variety of ecological, life
history and population traits [47