Concrete is a widely used construction material all over the
world. However, it often suffers deterioration due to various environmental
(like earthquake, flood) and structural (like overloading)
factors. A variety of materials and methods have been tried by the
engineers to increase the strength and ductility of unsafe or deteriorated
concrete structures. The materials and techniques applied
for such strengthening activities should be structurally effective;
and also cost effective as cost effectiveness is another major concern
for developing countries.