Later work by Whittlesea (1993) extended the influence of fluency
on familiarity-based recognition judgments to also include
conceptual fluency. In this study, Whittlesea demonstrated that
manipulating either the perceptual or conceptual fluency of current
processing such as via repetition priming or semantically related
primes can induce feelings of familiarity. These feelings may or
may not be treated as diagnostic to decision making depending
on “the expectations aroused by a current judgment