In the case of urban management, the object is the city or town and only indirectly is management concerned with the institutions trying to manage. Urban management is not the management of local government. Nor is it the management alone of resources, or of development, or of public services, or of urban growth, or of any other partial urban concern. It is no less than management of the activities of human settlements. And, contrary to what is sometimes said, management is not separate from planning or from development, but encompasses both of these.