S-klotho levels at baseline were not associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in all models (models 2, 3, and 4). An increase of 1 SD was associated with fully adjusted HRs for death from any cause of 1.05 (0.98e1.13, p ¼ 0.142) and for cardiovascular death of 1.03 (0.95e1.13, p ¼ 0.480).