Stage 2 Carbonation of Ammoniated Brine
In the second stage of the Solvay process, ammoniated brine from the first stage is pumped to the top of a tall carbonating tower, also known as Solvay tower. The Solvay tower is fitted with numerous dome-shaped baffle plates, which break the ammoniated brine solution into a fine spray. This slows down the flow of the solution and increases the surface area where the reactions can take place, thus allowing proper mixing of the reactants.
At the same time, carbon dioxide is produced in called the lime kiln. Here, limestone another chamber that it or calcium is heated so decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:
1000 C
CaCO3 (s) → CaO(s)+ CO2 (g)
The carbon dioxide gas is forced upwards through the Solvay tower. It reacts with the ammoniated brine travelling in the opposite direction to form sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)
NH3(aq) +H2O (l) + CO2(g) → NH4 HCO (aq)
NH4HCO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → NaHCO3 (s)+ NH4Cl (aq)
Note: The sodium hydrogen carbonate formed is insoluble in the brine solution because of the common ion effect.
The overall reaction that occurs in the Solvay tower can be written as:
NaCl (aq) +H2O (l) +NH3 +CO2(g) → NaHCO3(s) +NH4Cl(aq)
Stage 2 Carbonation of Ammoniated BrineIn the second stage of the Solvay process, ammoniated brine from the first stage is pumped to the top of a tall carbonating tower, also known as Solvay tower. The Solvay tower is fitted with numerous dome-shaped baffle plates, which break the ammoniated brine solution into a fine spray. This slows down the flow of the solution and increases the surface area where the reactions can take place, thus allowing proper mixing of the reactants. At the same time, carbon dioxide is produced in called the lime kiln. Here, limestone another chamber that it or calcium is heated so decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:1000 C CaCO3 (s) → CaO(s)+ CO2 (g)The carbon dioxide gas is forced upwards through the Solvay tower. It reacts with the ammoniated brine travelling in the opposite direction to form sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) NH3(aq) +H2O (l) + CO2(g) → NH4 HCO (aq) NH4HCO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → NaHCO3 (s)+ NH4Cl (aq) Note: The sodium hydrogen carbonate formed is insoluble in the brine solution because of the common ion effect. The overall reaction that occurs in the Solvay tower can be written as: NaCl (aq) +H2O (l) +NH3 +CO2(g) → NaHCO3(s) +NH4Cl(aq)
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