Factors related to bioaccessibility such as thermal processing, structural
barriers in food (matrix, cell wall integrity, bio-encapsulation), addition
of lipids are the most crucial in determining the bioavailability of
carotenoids. So, detailed interrelated studies are required in identifying
the favorable factors to improve the bioavailability of carotenoids from
different foods. This will help in the development of specialized food
with potential bioavailability. Although, a great advancement has been
achieved in the analysis of carotenoids, focused studies are required to
explore the carotenoids from underutilized fruits and vegetables. Biological
activity and significance of several new carotenoids, such as
deepoxyneoxanthin, mimulaxanthin, and strigolactones are also needed
to be evaluated.