Computational science and engineering
also enable multidisciplinary
design and optimization, reducing
prototyping time and costs. Advanced
simulation has enabled Cummins to
build better diesel engines faster and
less expensively, Goodyear to design
safer tires much more quickly, Boeing
to build more fuel-efficient aircraft,
and Procter & Gamble to create better
materials for home products.
Similarly, “big data,” machine
learning, and predictive data analytics
have been hailed as the fourth paradigm
of science,12 allowing researchers
to extract insights from both scientific
instruments and computational simulations