3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Nutritional Composition 0f Chiffon Cake
Moisture contents of cake added with YCE were significantly lower than control (Table 2). This may be related to different water holding capacity of the YCE and flour. In a previous study, it was reported that moisture content of chiffon cake decreased with higher addition of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea powder due to lower water holding capacity of GABA tea powder compared to cake flour [8]. In the present study, even though protein content of cake added with YCE increase in line (13.3 to 15.7%) with the levels of
YCE (10 to 30%), but there was no significant different compared to control. In other nutrient, fat contents in chiffon cake added with YCE also showed no significant variation compared to control. However, ash content was found in the increasing order of 0 (control) < 10 < 20 < 30 g/100 g samples. Initially, we found that Malaysian YCE contains 21.2% protein, 1.3% fat, 7.6% ash and 38.7% dietary fiber [9]. Due to substitution of wheat flour in chiffon cake formulation with 10 to 30 g/100g YCE, the proximate composition, especially moisture and ash were affected accordingly.
Table 2. Nutritional compositions of chiffon cake with different levels of YCE powder
Nutritional composition (%) YCE powder content (g/100 g of wheat flour)
0 10 20 30
Moisture 34.29a ± 0.05 31.94b ± 0.17 31.92b ± 0.05 30.27c ± 0.12
Protein 12.47a ± 2.31 13.28a ± 2.47 14.12a ± 1.80 15.71a ± 1.00
Fat 11.73a ± 0.03 11.57a ± 0.19 11.42a ± 0.02 11.34a ± 0.03
Ash 0.71c ± 0.02 0.93b ± 0.01 1.19a ± 0.02 1.24a ± 0.04
Carbohydrate 40.80a ± 2.41 42.28a ± 3.84 41.35a ± 3.89 41.44a ± 3.18
a-c Mean values within the same column bearing different superscripts differ significantly (P