Step 4: Transformation ? Release In an incineration furnace, the adiabatic combustion temperature is normally higher than 1,000 C, which is the combustion temperature of CNT as reported by Mueller et al. (2013), meaning that both the graphite matrix and the CNTs are oxidised into CO2 during the combustion process. Modern waste-to-energy plants
must fulfil strict (and stricter) regulations regarding emissions, meaning that a flue gas cleaning system downstream of the combustion chamber (and eventually the boiler, if present) should be installed. State-of-the-art flue gas cleaning systems can be considered efficient in removing most non-combusted CNTs (Ko¨hler et al. 2008), indicating that only minor amounts will be emitted into the air through exhaust gas.