Exploratory Analyses
A number of previous studies that use relatively brief, social psychological interventions (Cohen et al., 2006; Hulleman & Har- ackiewicz, 2009; Sherman et al., 2013; Walton & Cohen, 2011) suggest that certain subgroups of students often benefit dispropor- tionately from the interventions. Specifically, we thought that the school might serve some students better than others, or that there might be a dominant culture at the school that was more inclusive of some students than others. After speaking with the principal about this possibility, he suggested that the White and Asian students were typically well-served by the school, whereas Black and Latino students typically faced more challenging circum- stances at home, at school, and throughout their community. Thus, we reexamined our data by analyzing the White and Asian students as a separate group from the remaining “underserved” students. Because these are exploratory analyses, we do not retain the same level of confidence in these findings as our prespecified hypoth- eses. However, we argue that these results are likely to be instruc- tive for generating future hypotheses (Cumming, 2014).