Productivity is conventionally defined as the economic output per unit of input, such as one or a combination of labour,capital, land and/or energy. The Productivity Commission uses a multi-factor productivity (MFP) measure encompassing capital and labour inputs. Sometimes, productivity growth lessens environmental impact when inputs such as energy and raw materials are reduced. However, this is often negated by the ‘rebound effect’, which annuls efficiency gains through increased output (Saunders, 2010).