of adverse treatment outcomes. The spatial clusters of TB cases were concentrated
in older, impoverished and outskirts areas. Although there was a tendency toward
higher odds of adverse treatment outcomes among urban TB cases, this finding after
adjusting for distance from a given TB healthcare center did not reach statistically
significant. This article highlights effects of spatial and non-spatial determinants on
the TB adverse treatment outcomes, particularly in what way the policies of healthcare
services are made. Accordingly, non-spatial determinants in terms of low socioeconomic
factors need more attention by public health policy makers, and then
more focus should be placed on the health delivery system, in particular mens
health.