Each sample was analysed in duplicate or triplicate. In-house
quality control (QC) samples, including milk powder (for total
nitrogen, moisture and crude fat analyses), defatted soybean flour
(for ash, total dietary fibre, mineral and phytosterol analyses), ginger
powder (for vitamin C analysis), pumpkin powder (for carotenoid
analysis), gingko tea powder (for flavonoid and phenolic
analyses), and basil powder (for TP and antioxidant activity) were
measured with every batch of samples analysed to validate the test
runs. The results of QC samples for each batch of analysis were
within mean ± 2 standard deviation of the assigned values (Table
1). The percent relative standard deviation (RSD) of the assigned
values was also no more 10