4. ICT and IS success and failure
Literature shows that planning and management
of ICT projects has a very poor record in
developing countries (Galliers et al. 1998, Qureshi
1998, Heeks 2002, Mgaya 1999). However, a
careful review of reasons for failure identifies
other factors whose presence or absence
determines success or failure of projects. To
begin with, the researcher looks at the output
variables which are the benefits to be achieved if
the initiative succeeds. The purpose of this is to
clarify the goal of ICT projects. These goals may
form a key element to the planning process as
described above. Achievement of these goals
helps to determine how to classify ICT projects. In
addition, perceptions of, and reasons for ICT
failure are reviewed and these helps to identify
possible key variables.