Fourteen years later, Congress introduced competition into the second segment of the industry – transmission – with the passage of the National Energy Policy Act of 1992 (NEPA). This act required utilities to make their transmission systems available to third-party users at the same level of quality and cost enjoyed by the utilities themselves (see Exhibit 1). Prior to NEPA, a generator could sell power into another territory only if another utility agreed to transmit the power; after NEPA, a utility could demand access to another utility’s transmission system.