The optimized values obtained for PKO based cutting fluid
were emulsifier (8.31 vol. %); anticorrosive agent (2.93 vol. %)
antioxidant (0.95 vol. %) and biocide (0.99 vol. %). For CSO formulated
cutting fluid, the optimal values were emulsifier (11.81 vol. %);
anticorrosion (3.67 vol. %); antioxidant (0.76 vol. %), biocide (0.64
vol. %). The new cutting fluid concept consists of high concentration
of water to oil with a ratio of 9:1 with few additives that do not
contain banned substances. This will help in the treatment and
disposal of the cutting fluids after usage. It is therefore, possible to
have a better heat conductivity and good environmental properties
in one fluid. The same water to oil ratio used for vegetable oil was
used for the mineral oil without any additive because the mineral
oil was in concentrated form. The physical and chemical characteristic
of the new cutting