When travelers from the USA and Canada visit Europe, they encounter a different power distribution
system. Wall voltages in North America are 120 V rms at 60 Hz, while typical wall voltages in Europe
are 230 V at 50 Hz. Many travelers carry small step-up / step-down transformers so that they can use
their appliances in the countries that they are visiting. A typical transformer might be rated at 1-kVA and
115/230 V. It has 500 turns of wire on the 115-V side and 1000 turns of wire on the 230-V side. The
magnetization curve for this transformer is shown in Figure P2-2, and can be found in file p22.mag at
this book’s Web site.