Initial approval was obtained from the University Health
Network Research Ethics Board on April 14, 2011 and
renewed annually thereafter. We followed the
recommendations of the STROBE statement
(STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in
Epidemiology) in the conduct and reporting of this
prospective case series.17 Patients were enrolled in the
study from June 2011 to October 2013 at the Toronto
Western Hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients aged
18-80 yr, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical
status I-III, weight 50-100 kg, height [ 150 cm, and
presenting for elective surgical or interventional
procedures under anesthesia without following fasting
instructions. Patients who consumed clear fluids within
two hours, a light meal or thick fluids within six hours, or a
solid meal within eight hours of the planned surgical
procedure were considered for inclusion. Both inpatients
and outpatients undergoing any surgical or interventional
procedure performed at the Toronto Western Hospita