Self-reported diabetes mellitus: Although this condition
was self-reported to diagnosis, fasting plasma glucose,
HbA1C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were
verified frompatient records as much as possible. Another
possible limitation concerning diabetic cases is the possibility
that some participants have undiagnosed or missed
DM. This can cause bias toward the null; this means that
the true relationship between DM and risk of UI may be
somewhat greater than our results do estimate [10].