Each participant completed four overground running conditions.
Each condition represented a manipulation of instructions
for foot strike patterns. For the first condition,
participants were instructed to strike the ground with an
Obvious-HS (i.e., rear foot strike pattern). For the second
condition, participants were instructed to use a Subtle-HS (i.e.,
rear foot strike pattern). That is, participants were instructed to
still use a rear foot strike pattern by striking the ground first
with the heel, but to do so more subtly than during the
Obvious-HS condition. Operationally, the kinematic difference
between Obvious-HS and Subtle-HS was that the ankle was
more dorsiflexed at contact during Obvious-HS. For the third
condition, participants were instructed to use a Mid-FS pattern
by asking them to land with the sole of their shoe flat on the
ground. Finally, for the fourth condition, the participants were
instructed to use a Fore-FS pattern by asking them to land with
the toe region of the shoe. Participants were shown a video of
the different foot strike patterns and were given time to
practice the patterns prior to testing. During testing, participants
were consistently reminded as to the style of which foot
strike pattern they were to use and trials were rejected when
the tester visually detected that the target strike pattern was not