Also referred to as transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, this family includes proteins with avirulence activities, virulence functions, or both (Gurlebeck et al. 2006). Among them are avrXa7, avrXa10, avrxa5, and avrXa27, which have been cloned from X. oryzae pv. oryzae Philippine strains and which all exhibit resistance gene–specific avirulence function (Gu et al. 2005; Hopkins et al. 1992).