Here. they disagree with the position of Kemmis and McTaggart (1988) who argue that a group of action researchers must focus on a shared concern for the research to be considered collaborative.
In the experience of “my” students, collaboration came from the supportiveness of the seminar group, from the shared concerns many had (although investigating those concerns in different classrooms and schools) and from the participation of their cooperating teachers, their pupils, and others in their projects.